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925 sterling silver ring with rhodolite garnet and tanzanite

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Tanzanite is one of the most prized and rarest gemstones in the world, and its meaning and properties are a mystery to many people. Its origin, its unique color and its magical qualities make it attractive not only to collectors but also to those who believe in the power of stones. In this article we look in detail at what tanzanite is, what its properties and meaning are, and why it is so popular in jewelry. Tanzanite, named after Tanzania, its country of origin, was first found on 7 July 1967 by Manuel de Souza. Called Mad Manuel by some, this colorful character was famous for his passion for travelling through the African bush in search of the unknown or even the undiscoverable, as he liked to describe his pursuits. Born in Goa in 1913, at the age of 20 de Souza moved to Tanganyika, where he qualified as a master tailor. An adventurer by nature, he quickly tired of the trade and began his life as a prospector in the goldfields near Lupa in western Tanganyika, but moved to the Shinyanga diamond mines after post-war conditions made gold mining unprofitable. That venture became unprofitable in the 1960s, when a monopoly made it almost impossible to obtain permits for diamond prospectors, which pushed Manuel to move to the Kilimanjaro region, where he went on prospecting around Lake Victoria, supplementing his income with tailoring. Around Easter 1967 his restless spirit led him to hire a pick-up truck, which left him in the bush in the area south-east of Arusha. By some chance the driver refused to go any further than the Maasai village of Mtakuja; with no way to carry his equipment further, Manuel was forced to prospect for gemstones in that area. After hiring four Maasai as porters, he set out on an expedition and around noon on 7 July found a transparent blue stone, which at first he took for sapphire. After testing its hardness he realized at once that he had not found sapphire, but he still took the stone to Arusha, where he tried to identify it by checking a small volume on mineralogy, the only reference book he had. The closest match he could find was olivine, and so the first tanzanite was registered in his name on 25 July 1967 – only as olivine. It soon became clear that this gemstone was neither olivine nor peridot; dumortierite, cordierite and zoisite were also ruled out. In the end the stones were sent to the Gemological Institute of America, which had the equipment needed to identify the stone accurately as zoisite. At about the same time samples were identified at Harvard University, the British Museum and the University of Heidelberg, as well as by a geologist from the Tanzanian government named Ian McCloud, who was the first to identify it correctly. Although beautiful jewelry was made from these stones, there was still no established market for the material; the head of the jewelry department at Saks in New York refused to sell the stone. Finally two rings made from the original find were shown to the vice-president of Tiffany, who was so taken with the beauty of the stone that he named it tanzanite. And so a new market was created. It is very unusual for a newly discovered gemstone to influence the world gemstone market. This happened with Paraiba tourmaline in the 1990s. But the case of tanzanite in the 1960s is even more intriguing. Tanzanite, a rare violet-blue form of the mineral zoisite, was found in 1967 in Tanzania. East Africa remains the only source of tanzanite and supplies are extremely limited. The limited supply, together with increased demand, has kept prices consistently high. The enormous popularity of tanzanite is no surprise at all.

Mineral type: Rhodolite Garnet, Tanzanite

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